Physiological Effects of Superficial Heat
- Increase in tissue temperature, local metabolism and blood flow
- Analgesia and sedation (relaxation)
- Increased nerve conduction velocity
- Increase in O2 and nutrient supply at cellular level
- Decrease muscle spasms and pain
INDICATIONS OF SUPERFICIAL HEAT:
- Before active exercises
- Before stretching or passive range of motion
- In conjunction with massage, ultrasound or traction to achieve maximum relaxation and warm local superficial tissues
- Muscle spasms
- Prior to joint mobilizations
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
- Local infection present
- Some dermatologic conditions
- Feverish conditions
PRECAUTIONS:
- Be aware of any deficits in sensation
- Very old/young or mentally incapacitated patients
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLD:
- Reduce tissue temperature and local vasoconstriction
- Decrease inflammatory process and metabolism
- Diminish the effects of central and peripheral nerve disorders
- Decrease extensibility of nonelastic tissues
INDICATIONS OF COLD:
- Reduction of acute pain and swelling
- Reduction of spasms and spasticity
- Facilitation of motor responses
CONTRAINDICATIONS OF COLD:
- Frostbite to the area
- Raynaud's disease or other circulatory compromises
PRECAUTIONS:
- If stretching is required after cold therapy
- Same precautions that apply to heat
© The Physical
Therapy Clinic, 2011
